Fundamental Chemistry Principles and Applications（美）威廉 L. 马_（美）威廉 L. 马斯特顿（William L. Masterton），（美）塞西尔 N. 赫尔利（Cecile N. Hurley）著_9787122347053

《Fundamental Chemistry: Principles and Applications》主要参考我国医学类相关专业《基础化学》教学大纲所规定的教学内容改编而成，整合改编后共15章内容，主要包括：原子（Atoms）、电子结构和元素周期表（Electronic Structure and the Periodic Table）、共价键（Covalent Bonding）、热力学（Thermochemistry）、自发反应（Spontaneity of Reaction）、气体的化学平衡（Gaseous Chemical Equilibrium）、反应速率（Rate of Reaction）、液体和固体（Liquids and Solids）、溶液（Solutions）、酸和碱（Acids and Bases）、酸碱平衡（Equilibria in Acid-Base Solutions）、沉淀溶解平衡（Precipitation Equilibrium）、电化学（Electrochemistry）、配位化合物（Complex Ions）以及核反应（Nuclear Reactions）。在本书的改编过程中，在尊重原教材版权的基础上，编者在遵循适合我国教材所涵盖的知识体系的同时，尽可能体现原书的风格和特点，使内容更加精炼紧凑。

《Fundamental Chemistry: Principles and Applications》可供国内基础、临床、口腔、麻醉、预防、护理、生物工程、药学等医学类相关专业基础化学类课程的双语教学和留学生教学使用，也可供其他专业基础化学双语教学的师生及科技工作者用作参考书。

1 Atoms 1

1-1 Atoms and the Atomic Theory 1

1-2 Components of the Atom 2

The Human Side: John Dalton 3

1-3 Quantitative Properties of the Atom 5

1-4 Introduction to the Periodic Table 11

Beyond The Classroom: Mastering the Perigodic Table 14

Summary Problems 16

Questions and Problems 16

2 Electronic Structure and the Periodic Table 19

2-1 Light, Photon Energies, and Atomic Spectra 20

2-2 The Hydrogen Atom 25

2-3 Quantum Numbers 28

2-4 Atomic Orbitals; Shapes and Sizes 32

2-5 Electron Configurations in Atoms 33

The Human Side: Glenn Theodore Seaborg 37

2-6 Orbital Diagrams of Atoms 38

2-7 Electron Arrangements in Monatomic Ions 40

2-8 Periodic Trends in the Properties of Atoms 43

Beyond The Classroom: Why Do Lobsters Turn Red When Cooked 47

Summary Problems 49

Questions and Problems 49

3 Covalent Bonding 52

3-1 Lewis Structures; The Octet Rule 53

The Human Side: Gilbert Newton Lewis 62

3-2 Molecular Geometry 62

3-3 Polarity of Molecules 70

3-4 Atomic Orbitals; Hybridization 73

Beyond The Classroom: The Noble Gases 80

Summary Problems 81

Questions and Problems 81

4 Thermochemistry 85

4-1 Principles of Heat Flow 86

4-2 Measurement of Heat Flow; Calorimetry 90

4-3 Enthalpy 93

4-4 Thermochemical Equations 94

4-5 Enthalpies of Formation 100

4-6 Bond Enthalpy 105

4-7 The First Law of Thermodynamics 107

Beyond The Classroom: Energy Balance in the Human Body 111

Summary Problems 113

Questions and Problems 113

5 Spontaneity of Reaction 116

5-1 Spontaneous Processes 117

5-2 Entropy, S 119

5-3 Free Energy, G 123

The Human Side: J. Willard Gibbs 125

5-4 Standard Free Energy Change, G 125

5-5 Effect of Temperature, Pressure, and Concentration on Reaction Spontaneity 129

5-6 The Free Energy Change and the Equilibrium Constant 134

5-7 Additivity of Free Energy Changes; Coupled Reactions 135

Beyond The Classroom: Rubber Elasticity: An Entropic Phenomenon 137

Summary Problems 139

Questions and Problems 139

6 Gaseous Chemical Equilibrium 144

6-1 The N2O4NO2 Equilibrium System 145

6-2 The Equilibrium Constant Expression 148

6-3 Determination of K 153

6-4 Applications of the Equilibrium Constant 156

6-5 Effect of Changes in Conditions on an Equilibrium System 161

Beyond The Classroom: An Industrial Application of Gaseous Equilibrium 166

Summary Problems 168

Questions and Problems 169

7 Rate of Reaction 171

7-1 Meaning of Reaction Rate 171

7-2 Reaction Rate and Concentration 174

7-3 Reactant Concentration and Time 180

7-4 Models for Reaction Rate 186

The Human Side: Henry Eyring 189

7-5 Reaction Rate and Temperature 190

7-6 Catalysis 193

7-7 Reaction Mechanisms 195

Beyond The Classroom: The Ozone Story 199

Summary Problems 201

Questions and Problems 202

8 Liquids and Solids 206

8-1 Comparing Solids, Liquids, and Gases 206

8-2 Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium 207

8-3 Phase Diagrams 213

8-4 Molecular Substances; Intermolecular Forces 216

Beyond The Classroom: Supercritical Carbon Dioxide 222

Summary Problems 224

Questions and Problems 224

9 Solutions 227

9-1 Concentration Units 227

9-2 Principles of Solubility 236

9-3 Colligative Properties of Nonelectrolytes 241

9-4 Colligative Properties of Electrolytes 250

Beyond The Classroom: Maple Syrup 252

Summary Problems 254

Questions and Problems 254

10 Acids and Bases 257

10-1 Br nsted-Lowry Acid-Base Model 257

10-2 The Ion Product of Water 259

10-3 pH and pOH 259

10-4 Weak Acids and Their Equilibrium Constants 265

10-5 Weak Bases and Their Equilibrium Constants 274

10-6 Acid-Base Properties of Salt Solutions 278

10-7 Extending the Concept of Acids and Bases: The Lewis Model 281

Beyond The Classroom: Organic Acids and Bases 282

Summary Problems 285

Questions and Problems 285

11 Equilibria in Acid-Base Solutions 288

11-1 Buffers 288

11-2 Acid-Base Indicators 299

11-3 Acid-Base Titrations 302

Beyond The Classroom: Acid Rain 311

Summary Problems 313

Questions and Problems 313

12 Precipitation Equilibria 316

12-1 Solubility; Solubility Product Constant (Ksp) 316

12-2 Precipitate Formation 323

12-3 Dissolving Precipitates 327

Beyond The Classroom: Qualitative Analysis 331

Summary Problems 333

Questions and Problems 334

13 Electrochemistry 337

13-1 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Revisited 338

13-2 Voltaic Cells 342

13-3 Standard Voltages 346

13-4 Relations Between E , DG , and K 353

13-5 Effect of Concentration on Voltage 355

Beyond The Classroom: Fuel Cells: The Next Step in Chemical-to-Electrical-Energy Conversion 359

Summary Problems 361

Questions and Problems 362

14 Complex Ions 366

14-1 Composition of Complex Ions 367

14-2 Naming Complex Ions and Coordination Compounds 371

14-3 Geometry of Complex Ions 373

14-4 Electronic Structure of Complex Ions 377

The Human Side: Alfred Werner 377

14-5 Complex Ion Equilibria; Formation Constant (Kf) 382

Beyond The Classroom: Chelates: Natural and Synthetic 384

Summary Problems 386

Questions and Problems 387

15 Nuclear Reactions 389

15-1 Nuclear Stability 389

15-2 Radioactivity 391

The Human Side: Marie and Pierre Curie with daughter Irene, at their home near Paris 397

15-3 Rate of Radioactive Decay 397

15-4 Mass-Energy Relations 400

15-5 Nuclear Fission 404

15-6 Nuclear Fusion 407

Beyond The Classroom: Biological Effects of Radiation 409

Summary Problems 410

Questions and Problems 410

Appendices

Appendix 1 Units, Constants and Reference Data 413

Appendix 2 Properties of the Elements 419

Appendix 3 Exponents and Logarithms 421

Appendix 4 Molecular Orbitals 426

Appendix 5 Answers to All Questions and Problems 431

Conversion Factors 443

Table of Atomic Masses 444

IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements 445

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