本书是在台湾学者颜鸿森、吴隆庸先生所著《机构学》第4版的基础上整理而成的简体中文版。原著是作者基于30年来在国内外大学、研究机构和工业界教学、研究、服务的经验,在考虑机械工程及相关领域的教学环境和大专院校相关课程的学时的基础上撰写而成的。
本书内容分为11章,包括:绪言、机构的组成、确定性运动、机构的运动、连杆机构、位置分析、速度分析、加速度分析、凸轮机构、齿轮机构、其他机构。书中对于基本原理的介绍,都配有应用实例说明。此外,本书习题经过了精心设计,不但能方便学生了解教材内容,更合乎生活化与实用化的要求。
由于内容和编排体系与大陆机械原理教材类似,所以本书可以作为大陆本科机械原理课程的教材,也可作为相关专业的研究生和科研人员的参考书。
本书由东华书局授权机械工业出版社在中国境内(不包括香港、澳门特别行政区以及台湾地区)出版与发行。未经许可之出口,视为违反著作权法,将受法律之制裁。
北京市版权局著作权合同登记图字01-2015-0417号。
第1章绪言INTRODUCTION1
1.1机构与机器的定义Definitions of mechanism and machine1
1.2机构与机器设计的步骤Procedure for mechanism and machine design3
1.3机构与机器设计的课程Courses on mechanism and machine design4
1.4机构学的内容Scope of mechanism5
习题Problems5
第2章机构的组成FORMATION OF MECHANISMS6
2.1构件Machine members6
2.2运动副与铰链Kinematic pairs and joints7
2.3机构Mechanism9
2.4简图符号Schematic representation10
*2.5运动链Kinematic chain13
*2.6拓扑结构Topological structure17
习题Problems19
第3章确定性运动CONSTRAINED MOTION20
3.1自由度Degrees of freedom20
3.1.1平面机构Planar mechanism20
3.1.2空间机构Spatial mechanism22
3.2确定性运动Constrained motion23
*3.3冗余自由度Redundant degrees of freedom26
*3.4矛盾过约束机构Paradoxical overconstrained mechanism26
*3.5构造综合Structural synthesis27
习题Problems30
第4章机构的运动MOTION OF MECHANISMS31
4.1基本概念Fundamental concepts31
4.1.1运动与路径Motion and path31
4.1.2平移与旋转Translation and rotation31
4.1.3循环与周期Cycle and period32
4.2运动分类Classification of motion32
4.2.1根据路径形式分类Classification based on types of path32
4.2.2根据运动连续性分类Classification based on continuity of motion33
4.3质点的直线运动Rectilinear motion of particles33
4.3.1线位移Linear displacement33
4.3.2线速度Linear velocity34
4.3.3线加速度Linear acceleration35
4.3.4线跃度Linear jerk35
4.4构件的角运动Angular motion of members36
4.4.1角位移Angular displacement36
4.4.2角速度Angular velocity37
4.4.3角加速度Angular acceleration38
4.5切向与法向加速度Tangential and normal accelerations38
*4.6移动坐标系内质点的运动Motion of particles in moving coordinate systems39
习题Problems42
第5章连杆机构LINKAGE MECHANNISMS43
5.1四杆机构Fourbar linkages43
5.1.1术语与符号Terminology and symbols44
5.1.2四杆机构的类型Types of fourbar linkages44
5.1.3变点机构Change point mechanism47
5.1.4极限位置(肘杆位置)与死点位置Limit positions(toggle positions)and
dead center positions48
5.1.5传动角Transmission angles48
5.1.6连杆曲线Coupler curves49
5.2含有滑块的四杆机构Fourbar linkage mechanisms with sliders50
5.2.1单滑块四杆机构Fourbar linkage mechanisms with single slider51
5.2.2双滑块四杆机构Fourbar linkage mechanisms with double sliders53
5.3复杂连杆机构Complex linkage mechanisms56
5.4急回机构Quickreturn mechanisms58
5.4.1牵杆机构Drag link mechanism58
5.4.2惠氏急回机构Whitworth quickreturn mechanism59
5.4.3牛头刨床急回机构Crankshaper quickreturn mechanism59
5.4.4偏置曲柄滑块机构Offset slidercrank mechanism60
5.5平行导向机构Parallel motion mechanisms61
5.5.1平行四边形机构Parallelogram62
5.5.2缩放仪Pantograph63
*5.6直线运动机构Straightline motion mechanisms64
5.6.1司罗氏直线机构ScottRussell′s straightline mechanism64
5.6.2哈氏直线机构Hart′s straightline mechanism64
5.6.3波氏直线机构Peaucellier′s straightline mechanism65
5.6.4肯氏直线机构Kempe′s straightline mechanism65
5.6.5沙氏直线机构Sarrut′s straightline mechanism66
5.6.6伊氏直线机构Evans′ straightline mechanism66
5.6.7罗伯氏直线机构Robert′s straightline mechanism66
5.6.8切氏直线机构Chebyshev′s straightline mechanism66
5.6.9瓦特氏直线机构Watt′s straightline mechanism67
5.7肘杆机构Toggle mechanisms67
5.8球面机构Spherical mechanisms69
5.8.1球面四杆机构Spherical fourbar linkage69
5.8.2万向联轴器Universal joint70
习题Problems72
第6章位置分析POSITION ANALYSIS74
6.1图解法Graphical method74
6.2封闭向量法Vector loop method76
6.2.1封闭向量法的步骤Procedure for vector loop method76
6.2.2建立坐标系Selection of the coordinate system77
6.2.3向量定义Definition of vectors78
6.2.4封闭向量方程Vector loop equations80
6.2.5滚动接触方程Rolling contact equations81
6.3位移方程求解Solutions of displacement equations84
6.3.1封闭解Closedform solution84
6.3.2数值解Numerical solution91
6.4计算机辅助位置分析Computeraided position analysis98
习题Problems106
第7章速度分析VELOCITY ANALYSIS111
7.1瞬心法Instant center method111
7.1.1瞬心的定义Definition of instant centers111
7.1.2三心定理Theorem of three centros112
7.1.3瞬心求法Determination of instant centers112
7.1.4瞬心法速度分析Velocity analysis by instant centers115
7.1.5机械增益分析Analysis of mechanical advantage118
7.2相对速度法Relative velocity method118
7.2.1一杆上两点Two points on a common link119
7.2.2滚动件接触点Contact points of rolling elements120
7.2.3两杆重合点Concident points on separate links120
7.3解析法Analytical method121
习题Problems126
第8章加速度分析ACCELERATION ANALYSIS130
8.1相对加速度法Relative acceleration method130
8.1.1一杆上两点Two points on a common link130
8.1.2滚动件接触点Contact points of rolling elements132
8.1.3两杆重合点Coincident points on separate links133
8.2解析法Analytical method136
习题Problems144
第9章凸轮机构CAM MECHANISMS147
9.1基本分类Classification of cams and followers148
9.1.1运动空间分类Classification based on motion space148
9.1.2从动件分类Classification of followers149
9.1.3凸轮类型Types of cams149
9.2名词术语Nomenclature152
9.3凸轮运动曲线Motion curves of cams154
9.3.1基本概念Fundamental concepts154
9.3.2运动曲线的种类Types of motion curves156
9.3.3运动曲线特征值 Characteristic values of motion curves167
9.3.4运动曲线综合方法Generation of motion curves168
9.4凸轮设计Cam design170
9.4.1设计步骤Design procedure170
9.4.2设计限制Design constraints171
9.5盘形凸轮轮廓曲线设计——图解法Profile design of disk cams—graphical
method173
9.5.1对心直动尖端从动件Disk cams with a radially translating
knifeedge follower173
9.5.2对心直动滚子从动件Disk cams with a radially translating roller follower174
9.5.3偏置直动滚子从动件Disk cams with an offset translating roller follower175
9.5.4对心直动平底从动件Disk cams with a radially translating flatface
follower176
9.5.5摆动滚子从动件Disk cams with an oscillating roller follower177
9.5.6摆动平底从动件Disk cams with an oscillating flatface follower177
9.6盘形凸轮轮廓曲线设计——解析法Profile design of disk cams—analytical
method179
9.6.1直动对心滚子从动件Disk cams with a radially translating roller follower179
9.6.2直动偏置滚子从动件Disk cams with an offset translating roller follower181
9.6.3直动平底从动件Disk cams with a translating flatface follower183
9.6.4摆动滚子从动件Disk cams with an oscillating roller follower184
9.6.5摆动平底从动件Disk cams with an oscillating flatface follower186
*9.6.6盘形凸轮轮廓曲线设计—— 包络线法Profile design of disk cams based on
theory of envelop190
*9.6.7曲率分析Curvature analysis192
*9.7平面确动凸轮机构Planar positive drive cams194
9.7.1面凸轮Face cam194
9.7.2等径确动凸轮Constantdiameter plate cam195
9.7.3等宽确动凸轮Constantbreadth plate cam195
9.7.4主凸轮与回凸轮Mainandreturn cam195
9.7.5圆弧确动凸轮Circulararc cam196
9.7.6偏心确动凸轮Eccentric positive return cam196
9.7.7平行分度凸轮Parallel indexing cam197
9.7.8反凸轮Inverse cam198
*9.8空间凸轮机构Spatial cam mechanisms199
9.8.1圆柱凸轮Cylindrical cam199
9.8.2球面凸轮Spherical cam201
9.8.3滚子齿轮凸轮Rollergear cam/Ferguson index202
9.9凸轮制造Cam manufacture202
习题Problems204
第10章齿轮机构GEAR MECHANISMS208
10.1齿轮分类Classification of gears208
10.1.1平行轴齿轮Gears for parallel shafts209
10.1.2相交轴齿轮Gears for intersecting shafts210
10.1.3交错轴齿轮Gears for skew shafts212
10.2名词术语Nomenclature213
10.3齿轮啮合原理Fundamentals of gearing217
10.4齿廓曲线Tooth profiles219
10.4.1渐开线齿廓Involute gear teeth219
10.4.2摆线齿廓Cycloidal gear teeth219
10.4.3齿廓曲线的比较Comparison of tooth profiles221
10.5标准齿轮Standard gears221
10.5.1公制标准齿制SI standard221
10.5.2美国标准齿制American standard222
10.6渐开线齿轮的传动Tooth action of involute gears223
10.6.1啮合线Line of action223
10.6.2压力角Pressure angle224
10.6.3啮合路径Path of contact225
10.6.4重合度Contact ratio226
10.6.5干涉现象Interference227
10.6.6最少齿数Minimum number of teeth230
10.7齿轮制造Gear manufacture231
10.8轮系Gear trains232
10.9轮系分类Classifications of gear trains232
10.9.1定轴轮系Ordinary gear trains233
10.9.2周转轮系Planetary gear trains234
10.10轮系传动比Transmission ratio of gear trains235
10.11定轴轮系的传动比Transmission ratio of ordinary gear trains236
10.12周转轮系的传动比Transmission ratio of planetary gear trains239
10.13具有两个输入的周转轮系传动比Transmission ratio of planetary gear trains
with two inputs247
*10.14锥齿轮周转轮系的传动比Transmission ratio of planetary bevel gear trains252
习题Problems255
第11章其他机构MISCELLANEOUS MECHANISMS259
11.1挠性传动机构Flexible connecting mechanisms259
11.2带传动Belt drives260
11.2.1基本结构与特性Basic structure and characteristics260
11.2.2传动带的种类Types of belts260
11.2.3节曲面与节线Pitch surface and pitch line261
11.2.4速比Velocity ratio262
11.2.5平行轴与非平行轴传动Transmission between parallel and nonparallel
shafts262
11.2.6传动带长度Length of belt263
11.2.7带轮的种类Types of pulleys264
11.2.8变速带传动Variable speed belt drive265
11.3绳索传动Rope drives266
11.3.1绳索Rope267
11.3.2细线Cord267
11.3.3钢索Wire rope267
11.4链传动Chain drives268
11.4.1基本结构与特性Basic structure and characteristics268
11.4.2链条的种类Types of chains269
11.4.3弦线作用Chordal action270
11.4.4链条长度Length of chain271
11.5螺旋机构Screw mechanisms274
11.5.1基本概念Fundamental concepts274
11.5.2简单螺旋机构Simple screw mechanism276
11.5.3复式螺旋机构Compound screw mechanism276
11.5.4差动螺旋机构Differential screw mechanism277
11.5.5滚珠丝杠Ball screw278
*11.5.6变导程丝杠Variable lead screw278
11.6摩擦传动机构Friction drive mechanisms279
11.6.1圆柱形摩擦轮Cylindrical friction wheel279
11.6.2锥形摩擦轮Conical friction wheels280
11.6.3圆盘与滚子摩擦轮Disk and roller friction wheel282
11.6.4无级变速摩擦传动机构Continuous variablespeed friction transmission
mechanism282
11.7间歇运动机构Intermittent motion mechanisms284
11.7.1棘轮机构Ratchet mechanism284
11.7.2日内瓦机构Geneva mechanism286
11.7.3擒纵器Escapement286
习题Problems289
部分习题简答PARTIAL ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS292
参考文献REFERENCES295